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Location:	Taiwan
Type of subjects/data:	Student teachers
No. of subjects/data:	20
Instruments:	Observation
Method of analysis:	- Coding observation reports by using Farrell's scheme
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
Critical reflection; Teacher development; Pre-service teachers; Language teaching

Location:	Iran
Type of subjects/data:	Students
No. of subjects/data:	32
Instruments:	Test, Verbal report
Method of analysis:	- Calculate the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between both tests to establish the empirical validity of the tests - Analyze data elicited through verbal protocols about how the subject completed the task
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
C-test; Language proficiency; Reduced redundancy principle; Language testing; Verbal protocol analysis

Location:	United States
Type of subjects/data:	Students
No. of subjects/data:	258
Instruments:	Test, Interview
Method of analysis:	- Analyze the exit test prompts and exit exam transcripts - Score guides used in writing class to evaluate exit exams
Other aspects:	Test scoring guide
Research design:
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
ESL students; Writing programs; First-year writing courses; Exit tests

Location:	Taiwan
Type of subjects/data:	Students and Teachers
No. of subjects/data:	112
Instruments:	Online discussion, Written report
Method of analysis:	- Categorize e-mail entries - Analyze the subjects' reports - Interpret data from e-mail entries and reports
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
E-mail; Cross-cultural; English as a Foreign Language; Pre-service teachers

Location:	Lebanon
Type of subjects/data:	Students
No. of subjects/data:	61
Instruments:	Rating scale
Method of analysis:	- Tally responses of the subjects to the rating scale - Compute the frequencies and percentages of the responses - Run Pearson Chi-square tests with the variables of gender and achievement, and the subjects' responses to the scale
Other aspects:	- Content validity of the test
Research design:
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
Cooperative language; Learner perceptions; English as a foreign language; Language learning

Location:	Australia
Type of subjects/data:	Students
No. of subjects/data:	24
Instruments:	Task/ activity
Method of analysis:	- Transcribe the subjects' interactions during the tasks - Code the transcript according to C-units as defined by Rulon and McCreary (1986) - Categorize the subjects' outputs
Other aspects:	- Reliability test
Research design:
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
Learner proficiency; Nonnative; Foreign language

Location:	United Kingdom
Type of subjects/data:	Student teachers
No. of subjects/data:	25
Instruments:	Interview, Questionnaire
Method of analysis:	- Highlight the sections of transcriptions which relevant to the research questions - Code the data on the basis of the themes, issues and topics - Assess codes - Define codes
Other aspects:	Tactics to test and confirm interpretations
Research design:
Level of detail:	High

Keywords:
Beliefs; Modern languages; Partnership; Pre-service; Qualitative; Student teachers; Teacher education

Location:	Hong Kong
Type of subjects/data:	Students
No. of subjects/data:	31
Instruments:	Questionnaire
Method of analysis:	- Tally responses of the subjects and compute the percentages - Interpret the interview data about what the subject believed they had learned from the course
Other aspects:	The categories used to differentiate the degree of language skills improvement
Research design:
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
Content-based instruction; Film; ESL; EFL; Academic, analytical and critical thinking skills

Location:	Japan
Type of subjects/data:	Students and Teachers
No. of subjects/data:	18
Instruments:	Interview, Observation
Method of analysis:	- Score speaking performance by using FSI - Analyze score by using a two-way repeated measure ANOVA - Compare scores given by interviews and observers - Analyze the transcripts of the language that produced by the subjects - Transcribe and analyze the interactions during interview sessions for speech style characteristics of the interviewers - Analyze the language of interviewers in terms of theri questions and response type - Compare the frequencies of the different speech style characteristics produced by the subjects under the two conditions
Other aspects:	- Foreign Services Institute (FSI) speaking test - Inter-rater reliability training program for the interviewers - Speaking style characteristics
Research design:
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
Language testing; Speaking; Performance; Gender; Quantitative; Qualitative

Location:	Hungary
Type of subjects/data:	Teachers
No. of subjects/data:	10
Instruments:	Interview
Method of analysis:	- Analyze interview data - Compare the results of native and non-native teachers
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
Native speaker; Non-native speaker; Native speaking teacher of English; Non-native speaking teacher of English; Teaching behaviour; Target language competence; Language awareness