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651. Li, S. and Taguchi, N. (2014). The Effects of Practice Modality on Pragmatic Development in L2 Chinese. The Modern Language Journal, 98(3), 794–812.
Location:
China
Type of subjects/data: students
No. of subjects/data: 49
Instruments: Test
Method of analysis: - performance in recognizing and producing request-making forms in terms of recognition accuracy, recognition speed, production accuracy and production speed were tested and scored.
- changes within each group overtime, and difference across different groups of the subjects were tested using nonparametric statistics: Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test
Other aspects:
Research design:
Quasi-experimental research
Level of detail: High

Keywords:
interlanguage pragmatics; L2 instruction; Chinese; requests; speech acts; input-based and output-based practice


652. Dahl, T.I. and Ludvigsen, S. (2014). How I See What You're Saying: The Role of Gestures in Native and Foreign Language Listening Comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 98(3), 813–833.
Location:
United States
Type of subjects/data: Native English Speakers, foreign language learners
No. of subjects/data: 28, 46
Instruments: Task/ activity, Test, Video recordings, Questionnaire
Method of analysis: - gestures used in the vdo stimuli were coded and transcribed
- recall, comprehension, and distortions were coded and scored
- the scores were compared by the gesture conditions, genders, and groups of learners
Other aspects:
Research design:
Quasi-experimental research
Level of detail: High

Keywords:
gestures; recall; comprehension; native language (NL); foreign language (FL); explicit information; implied information; distortions


653. Morett, L.M. (2014). When Hands Speak Louder Than Words: The Role of Gesture in the Communication, Encoding, and Recall of Words in a Novel Second Language. The Modern Language Journal, 98(3), 834-853.
Location:
United States
Type of subjects/data: students
No. of subjects/data: 52
Instruments: Task/ activity, Video recordings
Method of analysis: - participants' speech was transcribed
- number of words, repetitions of target words of the task and conversational turns were quantified
- gestures were classified based on form: representational beat, deictic
- their functions were identified
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail: Medium

Keywords:
gesture; vocabulary; discourse


654. Albirini, A. and Benmamoun, E. (2014). Concatenative and Nonconcatenative Plural Formation in L1, L2, and Heritage Speakers of Arabic. The Modern Language Journal, 98(3), 854-871.
Location:
United States
Type of subjects/data: L1, L2, and heritage speakers of Arabic
No. of subjects/data: 90
Instruments: Task/ activity, Questionnaire
Method of analysis: - the subjects' responses to the tasks were trascribed and coded as correct, incorrect, and missing responses.
- the responses were calculated for each subject.
- patterns of errors for each group and across the different plural forms were identified.

Statistics: descriptive, ANOVA, Turkey honestly significant difference (HSD)
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail: Low

Keywords:
Arabic; L2 learners; heritage speakers; plural morphology


655. Ziegler, N. A. (2014). Fostering Self-Regulated Learning Through the European Language Portfolio: An Embedded Mixed Methods Study, The Modern Language Journal, 98(4), 921–936.
Location:
Germany
Type of subjects/data: students, teachers
No. of subjects/data: 575, 19
Instruments: Questionnaire, Interview
Method of analysis: - the effect of using portfolio on self-regulated learning
- teacher and student perception of portfolio
Statistics: MANOVA, correlation
Other aspects: mixed-methods study designed to evaluate the validity of the language protfolio
Research design:
Mixed-method
Level of detail: High

Keywords:
self-regulated learning; autonomy; academic self-efficacy; motivation; alternative assessments;


656. Römer, U., O'Donnell, M.B., and Ellis, N.C. (2014). Second Language Learner Knowledge of Verb–Argument Constructions: Effects of Language Transfer and Typology, The Modern Language Journal, 98(4), 952–975.
Location:
More than one country
Type of subjects/data: students
No. of subjects/data: 524
Instruments: Task/ activity
Method of analysis: - responses, as verb types, from 4 groups of participants were analysed and compared
- the verb types were lemmatized and ranked by frequencies
- the over- or underuse of a verb by nonnative compared to the native norm were examined
- the comparisons between the lists of responses from native patterns and each of the 3 groups of participants were carried out
Statistics: a simple regression, correlations
Other aspects:
Research design:
Survey research
Level of detail: High

Keywords:
usage-based language acquisition; Construction Grammar; advanced learners; crosslinguistic influence; satellite- vs. verb-framed languages


657. Gablasova, D. (2014). Learning and Retaining Specialized Vocabulary From Textbook Reading: Comparison of Learning Outcomes Through L1 and L2, The Modern Language Journal, 98(4), 976–991.
Location:
United Kingdom
Type of subjects/data: students
No. of subjects/data: 64
Instruments: Test, Task/ activity
Method of analysis: - word meanings recalled immediately after the reading and one week later were tested and compared between 2 groups of subjects
- depth of word knowledge was determined in terms of the number of meaning components
- the depth of word meaning retained by the 2 groups of subjects were compared
Statistics: independent sample t-test, Cohen's d
Other aspects:
Research design:
Quasi-experimental research
Level of detail: High

Keywords:
incidental vocabulary acquisition; vocabulary learning; specialized vocabulary; reading to learn; L1 and L2 users


658. Hamada, M. (2014). The Role of Morphological and Contextual Information in L2 Lexical Inference, The Modern Language Journal, 98(4), 992–1005.
Location:
United States
Type of subjects/data: students
No. of subjects/data: 107
Instruments: Task/ activity, Questionnaire
Method of analysis: - the mean frequency for each multiple choice option selected by the participants of 2 conditions and 2 sessions of the task
- the mean frequency for the 2 critical answer options, context-based, and morphological-based by psudo compound for each condition for each task version
- comparison of the answer options and the critical options between 2 task versions
- comparison of the answer options and the critical options between 4 groups of the subjects
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail: Low

Keywords:
vocabulary; reading; psycholinguistics


659. Van Zeeland, H. (2014). Lexical Inferencing in First and Second Language Listening, The Modern Language Journal, 98(4), 1006-1021.
Location:
United Kingdom
Type of subjects/data: Native and nonnative speakers of English
No. of subjects/data: 77
Instruments: Task/ activity, Interview, Test
Method of analysis: - lexical inferencing success rates of L1 and L2 listeners were measured
- the effects of contextual clue typo, background knowledge, and L2 vocabulary knowledge on the success rates of the 2 groups of subjects were analysed
- noticing ability of L2 listener was measured
Statistics: mean, sd, percentage, paired-sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (Effect size)
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail: Medium

Keywords:
first language listening; second language listening; lexical inferencing; vocabulary acquisition; noticing


660. Piirainen–Marsh, A., and Tainio, L. (2014). Asymmetries of Knowledge and Epistemic Change in Social Gaming Interaction. The Modern Language Journal, 98(4), 1022-1038.
Location:
Finland
Type of subjects/data: young gamers
No. of subjects/data: 2
Instruments: Video recordings, Task/ activity
Method of analysis: - conversation analysis
- multimodal analysis
Other aspects:
Research design:
Level of detail: Medium

Keywords:
epistemic organization; epistemic asymmetry and change; multilingual language use; interaction; social gaming


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