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Location:	United States
Type of subjects/data:	adult immigrants, corpus of interviews
No. of subjects/data:	18
Instruments:	Interview, Corpus
Method of analysis:	- positioning participants in the story worlds - co-constructed positioning - ideological positioning
Other aspects:
Research design:	Discourse research
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
language learner agency, poststructuralist perspective, discourse, ideological discourses, agents, identity and agency

Location:	United States
Type of subjects/data:	students, teacher
No. of subjects/data:	57, 1
Instruments:	Observation, Interview, Video recordings
Method of analysis:	- conversation analysis - narrative analysis
Other aspects:	- narrative as a tool in conveying specific ideological views - a multi-TCU turn - transcription conventions of conversation analysis
Research design:	Discourse research
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
ideology, citizenship, narratives, classoom discourse

Location:	United States
Type of subjects/data:	immigrant (Hmong refugee)
No. of subjects/data:	1
Instruments:	Observation, Video recordings, Journal/diary, Written report/ paper
Method of analysis:	data sets were coded and analysed for how the subject developed participation, curricular, and instructional competence
Other aspects:	- Bourdieusian concept: capital, habitus, and field (Bourdieu, 1991) - microethnographic approach - researcher positioning in ethnographic study
Research design:	Ethnographic research
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
immigrant, adult ESL, learners, learner trajectories, Hmong

Location:	Sweden
Type of subjects/data:	student
No. of subjects/data:	1
Instruments:	Observation, Journal/diary, Audio-recordings, Video recordings, Interview
Method of analysis:	various qualitative data were analysed to explore aspects of an ecological framework and the concept of affordances
Other aspects:	- the ecological approach: as an overall theoretical framework - ethnograpgy of communication
Research design:	Case study
Level of detail:	Low

Keywords:
adult immigrants, ecological framework, affordances, work placement, Sfi program, language program, linguistic ethnography

Location:	More than one country
Type of subjects/data:	native speakers of English, Japanese ESL users, Japanese EFL learners
No. of subjects/data:	20,24,23
Instruments:	Task/ activity, Test, Questionnaire
Method of analysis:	reaction times and error rates were measured and compared among: different groups of subjects; conditions of experiments - a range of statistical methods were used: ANOVA, Multiple comparison (Bonferroni) analysis, t-test
Other aspects:	- a phase-acceptability judgement task - DMDX program (Foster & Foster, 2003)
Research design:	Quasi-experimental research
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
collocations, language acquisition, reaction times, error rates

Location:	United States
Type of subjects/data:	students
No. of subjects/data:	49
Instruments:	Observation, Test, Task/ activity, Essay
Method of analysis:	- test performance of the treatment and the contrast groups was compared: mean, sd, Bonferroni t-test (gain scores), correlations, Cohen's d (effect size) - essays were analysed for the use of vocabulary in writing: frequency count of the target words, length of essays
Other aspects:	- components of effective vocabulary instruction - Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation (GRADE) - CLAN (the computerised language analysis program) - IGM (Individual Growth Modeling for estimating students' writing quality growth) - SAS PROC MIXED (statistical program)
Research design:	Quasi-experimental research
Level of detail:	High

Keywords:
vocabulary, vocabulary instruction, writing, language minority learners (LM)

Location:	Japan
Type of subjects/data:	students
No. of subjects/data:	729
Instruments:	Questionnaire
Method of analysis:	- various variables representing confidence and beliefs were operationalised - means and intercorrelations of the variables are computed - a structural equation model was tested using AMOS: regressions, confirmatory factor analysis
Other aspects:	- the structural equation modeling (SEM) - reliability test of questionnaire
Research design:
Level of detail:	High

Keywords:
believe, group work, pair work, communication confidence, willingness to communicate (WTC), participation

Location:	Canada
Type of subjects/data:	textbooks
No. of subjects/data:	24
Instruments:
Method of analysis:	immigrant experience stories from the textbooks were analysed using CDA - positive self-representation/ negative other-representation - orientation to differences - generic structures
Other aspects:
Research design:	Discourse research
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
immigrant, Critical Discourse Analysis, CDA, textbooks, social discourse, construction of identity, dialogicality

Location:	United States
Type of subjects/data:	students
No. of subjects/data:	643
Instruments:	Questionnaire
Method of analysis:	- students' responses to the questionnaire were analysed using a range of descriptive and inferential statistics: mean, sd, paired t-test, Fisher's LSD
Other aspects:	an example of the questionnaire
Research design:	Survey research
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
attitudes, ESL, native and nonnative-English-Speaking Teachers, NES, NNES, nativeness

Location:	China
Type of subjects/data:	students, teachers
No. of subjects/data:	975, 189
Instruments:	Questionnaire, Task/ activity, Interview
Method of analysis:	- students' attitudes towards China English and Standard Englishes were analysed and compared: frequency, percentage, mean difference - interview data were transcribed into Chinese before being translated into English and were analysed using content analysis
Other aspects:	matched-guise experiment
Research design:	Survey research
Level of detail:	Medium

Keywords:
World Englishes, Standard Englishes, a native speaker model